Discussion paper: E-fuels – Separating the substance from the hype

For some years now, experts have been intensively discussing the extent to which fossil fuels can be replaced by renewable synthetic fuels. Research has focused mainly on applications for which there are currently no battery-electric alternatives, i.e. primarily air and marine transport. This focus is necessary because e-fuels will remain an expensive and scarce commodity for the foreseeable future. Even if e-fuels are expected to be produced in "sweet spot" regions with very favourable production conditions, energy efficiency and sustainability must remain top priorities.

This discussion paper summarises the current state of scientific knowledge on the potential of e-fuels. It includes a chapter on e-fuel policies in selected countries. The aim is to provide an evidence-based basis for current policy debates. If policymakers are to scale up global e-fuels production, decisions will need to be taken in the near term on the basis of an internationally agreed strategy with clear priorities. To this end, it is crucial to distinguish between viable options and wishful thinking - i.e. to separate substance from hype.

The discussion paper is a joint effort of Agora Verkehrswende and the International PtX Hub.